Grape cultivation is a well-known commercial crop in India and around the world. Farmers all over the world grow this deciduous woody climbing vine. Grapes are also high in vitamin B and minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, and iron. We can consume it raw or use it to make vinegar, juice, jelly, jam, raisins, seed oil, and grape seed extracts. France, the United States, China, Portugal, Turkey, South Africa, Argentina, Italy, Iran, and Chile are the world’s leading grape producers. In addition, China is the top producer of grapes among all countries. Grapes can help with diabetes, constipation, asthma, heart problems, bone health, and more. It can also be used to protect your skin and hair.
Grapes Cultivation Methods and Requirements
Grape cultivation can be done in a variety of soil types. However, it must be grown in good fertile soil with a pH range of 6.5 – 8.5 and a high water holding capacity for maximum production. Only using soil will not result in more outstanding production; you must also prepare it with various implements such as a Power Tiller, plough, and so on. If you are a small-scale farmer, get a loan from a reputable bank.
Favourite Varieties
Grapes of various varieties are available for cultivation in India. We’ve brought some of them here with us. So let’s take a look at them and get to know them.
- Punjab MACS Purple – Introduced in 2008, this variety turns purple when mature, matures in the first week of June and is suitable for juice and nectar.
- Perlette – Introduced in 1967, Perlette is a high-yielding variety with an average yield of 25kg per vine.
- Beauty Seedless – Introduced in 1968, it matures in the first week of June and produces an average of 25kg per vine.
- Flame Seedless – Introduced in 2000, it matures to a light purple colour and matures in the second week of June.
- Superior Seedless – Medium spreading vines, golden seeds, and fruit containing 10.0 percent sugar matures in the first week of June and yields an average of 21.8 kg per tree.
- Thompson Seedless – Used to make raisins and for raw eating.
- Black Sahebi – Used to make raisins and for raw eating.
- Beauty Seedless – For raw eating and making juice
- Anab-e-Shahi – For raw consumption, milk-coloured fruits with a sweet flavour.
- Black Prince – For juice making and raw eating, purple fruits are round in shape and high yield, making them an early variety.
- Rangspray is used to make vine.
- Cholhu White – Used to make vine
- Cholhu Red – Used to make vine
- Perlette\Delight\Himred
- Thompson Seedless – Medium-length grapes. Green fruits mature to a golden colour, and a late-maturing variety is available.
- Black Sahebi – The fruit is purple and can be stored for a long time. Large-sized fruit with a lower yield
Preparation of Land
You must prepare the land for grape cultivation with high-quality farming tools and equipment, such as a tractor, Power Weeder, plough and other devices. It can save you from a variety of headaches when it comes to budgeting. If you own or rent a tractor, you should plough 3 to 4 times before harrowing to bring the soil to a fine tilth.
Sowing
The months of December to January are ideal for transplantation. The Knifing method is best suited for Grape cultivation, and the space should be 3 m X 3 m. The arbour method can also be used, but the space must be 5m X 3m. The Anab-e-Shahi variety requires a 6m X 3m spacing. Furthermore, the cuttings should be planted at a depth of 1m.
Irrigation
After pruning, the first irrigation is appropriate in the first two weeks of February. Following that, the second irrigation must take place in the first week of March. Then, from April to the first week of May, give irrigation every 10 days. You must now rinse the field once a week for the rest of May. Furthermore, in June, give it at 4-day intervals. If rainfall is insufficient from July to October, you should rinse the area. Finally, from November to January, provide one irrigation if the soil becomes completely dry.
Protection of Plants
Plant protection is a method of protecting your crop from various diseases and pests. Let us explain how to solve this problem.
Pest control:
- Malathion spray @ 400ml per 150ltr water for beetles
- Thrips and Jassids – Malathion spray @ 400ml per 150ltr water
- Leaf roller – Quinalphos spray @ 600ml per 150ltr water
- Yellow and red wasps – Quinalphos spray @ 600ml per 150ltr water
Diseases Control:
- Powdery mildew – 400gm Carbendazim spray or 600gm wettable sulphur spray
- Downy mildew – 400-500gm Mancozeb spray
- Anthracnose – 400gm copper oxychloride or M-45 spray per 150ltr water
Harvesting
When the fruits are fully mature, harvest the field. Check the maturity of the varieties based on their maturing colours and shapes.
We hope we were able to convey the information to you. Stay tuned with us if you are pleased with this blog or if we can assist you. Our next blog will be published soon.
